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1.
Rev. chil. pediatr ; 88(6): 803-811, dic. 2017. graf
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-900056

RESUMO

Resumen El cáncer en la población pediátrica representa la segunda causa de muerte en niños mayores de 5 años en nuestro país, después del trauma. La tomografia por emisión de positrones/tomograña computada (PET/CT) es una técnica hibrida que involucra radiación y que progresivamente se está implementando en niños. Esta técnica permite hacer evaluaciones morfológicas y funcionales del cuerpo con aplicaciones en patología neoplásica y no neoplásica. Su principal rol en la oncología se encuentra en la evaluación y control de linfomas, sarcomas y neuroblastomas, entre otros. La calidad de los resultados depende de la realización de procesos rigurosos para obtener las imágenes. En este artículo se revisan los pasos para la obtención de las imágenes, los aspectos técnicos involucrados, las fuentes de mala interpretación y las principales indicaciones que debe conocer el médico radiólogo y pediatra.


Abstract Pediatric cancer is the second cause of death in children older than 5 years in our country, after trauma. Positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) is a hybrid technique that involves radiation, which has been used for some time in adults and is being progressively imple mented in children. This technique allows morphological and functional assessments of the body with applications in neoplastic and non-neoplastic pathology. Its main role in oncology is in the evaluation and control of lymphomas, sarcomas and neuroblastomas, among others. The quality of the results is determined by a number of rigorous processes to obtain the images. In this article we describe the steps in obtaining the images, the technicalities involved, sources of misinterpretation and what the main current indications that must be known by radiologists and pediatricians are.


Assuntos
Humanos , Criança , Tomografia por Emissão de Pósitrons combinada à Tomografia Computadorizada/métodos , Neoplasias/diagnóstico por imagem
2.
Rev Chil Pediatr ; 88(6): 803-811, 2017 Dec.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29546933

RESUMO

Pediatric cancer is the second cause of death in children older than 5 years in our country, after trauma. Positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) is a hybrid technique that involves radiation, which has been used for some time in adults and is being progressively imple mented in children. This technique allows morphological and functional assessments of the body with applications in neoplastic and non-neoplastic pathology. Its main role in oncology is in the evaluation and control of lymphomas, sarcomas and neuroblastomas, among others. The quality of the results is determined by a number of rigorous processes to obtain the images. In this article we describe the steps in obtaining the images, the technicalities involved, sources of misinterpretation and what the main current indications that must be known by radiologists and pediatricians are.


Assuntos
Neoplasias/diagnóstico por imagem , Tomografia por Emissão de Pósitrons combinada à Tomografia Computadorizada/métodos , Criança , Humanos
3.
Rev Med Chil ; 143(7): 905-12, 2015 Jul.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26361028

RESUMO

Spondyloarthritis is a group of diseases that seriously hampers quality of life. Diagnostic criteria, in which images play an important role, have evolved over time. The most recent diagnostic criteria, published in 2009, included magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the sacroiliac joints for the first time. This technique achieves an early diagnosis and provides a useful tool for the evaluation and prediction of response to biological therapy. Herein, we describe the different MRI findings in spondyloarthropathies. We also highlight the use of a protocol that includes the sacroiliac joints and spine and that does not consider the routine use of paramagnetic contrast.


Assuntos
Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Espondilartrite/diagnóstico , Diagnóstico Precoce , Humanos , Articulação Sacroilíaca , Coluna Vertebral
4.
Rev. chil. radiol ; 21(4): 133-137, 2015. ilus, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-773282

RESUMO

Objective. To demonstrate that the current lumbar skeletal muscle index (LSMI) cutoff points overestimate sarcopenia in oncology patients. New cutoff points are proposed as predictors of mortality in oncology patients. Materials and methods: LSMI was estimated in a group of oncology and healthy patients on whom computed tomography was performed for oncological and non-oncological reasons, respectively. The prevalence of sarcopenia in the oncology group was determined using international cutoff points and cutoff points estimated from -1 SD and -2 SD below the average for healthy patients, recommending intermediate values to facilitate its use. A survival study was performed to demonstrate whether the cutoff points differ between mortality curves of sarcopenic and non-sarcopenic patients. Results: 131 healthy patients and 64 oncology patients were selected. The prevalence of sarcopenia in oncology patients was 80.8 percent and 42.1 percentwith international cutoff points, 57.5 percent and 39.5 percent tusing -1 SD and 15.4 percent and 13.2 percent using -2 SD, in men and women respectively. During the follow-up, 17 patients died and the best predictor of mortality was LSMI of 45 cm²/m² for men and 34 cm²/m² for women. Conclusion: LSMI using cutoff points of 45 cm²/m² for men and 34 cm²/m² for women, is a good predictor of mortality.


Objetivo: Demostrar que los actuales puntos de corte del índice muscular esquelético lumbar (IMEL) sobreestiman sarcopenia en pacientes oncológicos. Se proponen nuevos puntos de corte como predictores de mortalidad en pacientes oncológicos. Materiales y métodos: Se estimó el IMEL en un grupo de pacientes oncológicos y sanos que se realizaron tomografía computada por motivos oncológicos y no oncológicos, respectivamente. Se determinó la prevalencia de sarcopenia del grupo oncológico utilizando los puntos de corte internacionales y puntos de corte estimados a partir de -1DS y -2DS bajo el promedio de pacientes sanos, proponiendo valores intermedios para poder facilitar su utilización. Se realizó un estudio de sobrevida para demostrar si los puntos de corte diferencian entre curvas de mortalidad de pacientes sarcopénicos y no sarcopénicos. Resultados: Se seleccionaron 131 pacientes sanos y 64 pacientes oncológicos. La prevalencia de sarcopenia en pacientes oncológicos fue de 80.8 por ciento y 42.1 por ciento con puntos de corte internacionales, 57.5 porciento y 39.5 por ciento utilizando -1 DS y 15.4 por ciento y 13.2 por ciento utilizando -2 DS, en hombres y mujeres respectivamente. Durante el seguimiento,17 pacientes fallecieron y el mejor predictor de mortalidad fue el IMEL de 45 cm2/m2 para hombres y 34 cm²/m² para mujeres. Conclusión: El IMEL utilizando puntos de corte de 45 cm²/m² para hombres y 34 cm²/m² para mujeres, es un buen predictor de mortalidad.


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Adulto , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Músculo Esquelético/patologia , Neoplasias/patologia , Sarcopenia/patologia , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X , Análise de Sobrevida , Composição Corporal , Estado Nutricional , Estudos Longitudinais , Estudos Prospectivos , Músculo Esquelético , Neoplasias , Prognóstico , Sarcopenia , Índice de Gravidade de Doença
5.
Rev. chil. radiol ; 21(2): 66-69, 2015. ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-757194

RESUMO

The current treatment for aortic aneurysms is to install an endovascular stent in the aortic lumen. The most common complication of stents is endoleaks. Those defined as a peri-prosthetic vascular leak, in the aneurysm sac, are usually asymptomatic. If not detected early, they can progress with the growth and rupture of the aneurysm. The method of choice for evaluation is angiography by computed tomography (CT). The aim of this pictorial review is to describe and illustrate the imaging findings of the different types of endoleaks in computed tomography angiograms (5 types).


El tratamiento actual de los aneurismas aórticos es la instalación de una endoprótesis en el lumen aórtico por vía endovascular. La complicación más frecuente de las endoprótesis son los endoleaks. Los que se definen como flujo vascular peri-protésico, en el saco aneurismático, generalmente asintomático. De no ser detectados a tiempo, pueden progresar con el crecimiento y rotura del aneurisma. El método de elección para su evaluación es la angiografía mediante tomografía computada (TC). El objetivo de la presente revisión pictográfica es describir e ilustrar los hallazgos imaginológicos de los diferentes tipos de endoleaks en angiografía por tomografía computada (cinco tipos).


Assuntos
Humanos , Aneurisma Aórtico , Angiografia/métodos , Endoleak , Stents/efeitos adversos , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X , Endoleak/classificação
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